'Bureaucracy and Liberalisation\r'

'After freedom the newly emerged Indian State was characterized by the dominating role in all the spheres of society. It was a wellbeing state whose prey was to secure political, social and stinting justice to all the sections of Indian population. The Westminister model of parliamentary democracy with universal adult franchise was adopted. In social field, various evils in the society were seek to be eradicated by the State.Untouchability was abolished and social reforms were undertaken. In the sparing sphere, the state not only regulated the market, it besides emerged as the major employer providing employment opportunities to the people. India adopted the policy of mixed economy/a powerful macrocosm sector was created. For Nehru, the public sector undertakings were the temples of modern India. Their objective was to assist in the rapid economic egression and industrialisation of the country.Over the years their number and enthronisations have egotism-aggrandizing i n size and quantity. While in 1951, in that respect were five central public sector undertakings (PSUs) with an investment of Rs 29 crores, now there be as many as 243 enterprises with a total investment of Rs 1,78,628 crores. The private sector was also to play an chief(prenominal) role in the mixed economy. thus far it was super regulated and control direct economy as far as the private sector was concerned. Rightly it was called the licence-quota permit Raj.However the devote of socialist political and economic system in earstwhile Soviet Union and other socialist states led to the emergence of a global economy which designatet introducing free-enterprise(a) markets, liberalising foreign trade and opening up the economy for foreign investment. According to Marina Pinto â€Å"Liberalisation is the policy of remotion of restrictions, trade barriers and protectionist measures to enable the free flow of capital, engineering science and services. It is generally seen in the context of globalization and privatization. ” In eighties liberalisation process started taking infinite in India economy.But the severe foreign exchange and monetary crisis in early 1990s compelled India to take massive impart from IMF and world Bank which as critics point out, dictate India to liberalise its economy. This was done under the leadership of Dr. Manmohan Singh, the pay Minister in P. V. Narsimha Rao Government. The New Industrial policy of 1991, stated that â€Å"Foreign investment and technology coaction allow for be welcomed to obtain high technology, to attach exports and to expand the production base. ” The Licence-quota permit Raj has been given a good-bye and the economic system has largely shape competitive.Even in the public sector the nine major public sector undertakings or Navratnasâ€Bharat Heavy Electricals contain (BHEL), Bharat Petroleum pot limit (BPCL) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL), Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOC), Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited (IPCL), matter thermic Power Corporation Limited (NTPC), Oil;National Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), Steel endorsement of India Limited (SAIL) and Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) have been given spacious financial and functional autonomy.The Government was also considering to allow in more public sector undertakings in this list. However this does not mean that the role of the State would crawfish and it would only concentrate on the maintenance of equity and order. The state continues to be a welfare state. It will continue to ameliorate the conditions of poor and down-troddens. The economic policies are to be realistic. Jagdish Bhagwati, one of the leading economists says that the first lambert years of independence has been â€Å"half a ascorbic acid of foolish policies, which cost her (India) growth and hence a significant opportunity to ameliorate poverty. Now lucid policies are to be drafted and implemente d with due cipher to monitoring of policies in stages. This also means that the generalist administration will either be substituted by the experts or they be given their due role in the administration. The bureaucracy will have to be responsive and transparent and infact the entire work ethos has to be changed. It also means maximum possible missionary post of authority and sufficient decentralized control. Ultimately it whitethorn lead to debureaucratization of the administration.The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment providing for local self government is designed to transfer the developmental functions to the local self government. We may be witness to gradual decrease of the state and its administrative machinery. But this does not mean that state would recede in the background. It may be a scenario where we have a reoriented, purposive responsible and transparent administration as a friend, philosopher and guide. The requisite condition for all this is poliucal will , integrity and honesy at higher levels of politics and de-criminalisation of politics.\r\n'