State Ownership and Market Orientation †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the State Ownership and Market Orientation. Answer: Introduction: In case of agency theory, it is needed to construct theoretical argument where the researcher is at a topping point and links with sources of carbon emissions (Song, Wang and Cavusgil 2015). It is essential for the business enterprise to look after the principal source of carbon emissions (Coca-Cola Amatil for given research study). Business enterprise has necessary potential where they are arranging them to make required changes for reducing carbon emissions. It is important to understand the fact that climate change help in bringing important risks associated with business enterprise and for this reason, the value of shareholders investment get affected at the same time. Most of the researchers had found out that there is positive link present between environmental performance as well as share price. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate performance as well as rewards as it is considered necessary mechanisms where the interests of the shareholders are protected. It takes into ac count targets as well as performance-based incentives. Therefore, setting targets is very much difficult as there is inexperienced person present in the management of emissions (Shogren et al. 2015). In case of theoretical motivation, it is seen that the effect of targets as well as incentives can be easily studied by matching both attributes in terms of financial performance as well as non-financial performance. Several researches need to be conducted so that operating of target is done by taking into account non-financial measures. It is a challenging task to increase target completion that is linked with environmental performance. In order to be effective, it is necessary to set targets that can be achievable in the near future. Several research had been conducted where managers has laid back attitude when they had set environmental performance targets (Shi, Connelly and Hoskisson 2017). Conceptual Model: Provide a diagram to show the relationships between the key theoretical constructs. From the above conceptual framework, it is quite evident to understand the fact that climate change is treated dependent variable and emission from Coca-Cola Amatil Corporation is considered as independent variable (Pepper, A. and Gore, J., 2015). Addition to that, there are several resources that explain about the different parameters and facets that lead to change in climate. Indiscriminate discharge of pollutants in the air is one of the reasons that lead to climate change. On the other hand, the independent variable is taken from the above diagram where the discharge of pollutants in the air can be treated as main contributor towards any environmental damage as well as climate change in and across the globe (Bosse and Phillips 2016). The main purpose of the research proposal will be to set independent variable and dependent variable to understand the relationships. The company under study (Coca-Cola Amatil Corporation) cannot be considered one of the primary reason for the damage that had caused to the environment and this was done by discharge of pollutants at the time of manufacturing process and it even reflect upon the major portion of the damage due to enormity as well as magnitude. Therefore data can be collected from historical time points that actually coincides with main shift in the climate and provide insights of information that takes place for given period of time (Nevo, Nevo and Pinsonneault 2016). It is important to understand the effects of targets for environmental performance as it is one of the interesting concepts due to information asymmetry in relating to environmental performance at the same time. There are several research conducted where it is found challenging affair to increase target completion and even look after the factors that explain the choice between environmental performance and linking with the current research topic. In order to remain effective in actions, it is advisable for the managers to set targets that can be achieved in the upcoming financial years. There are several researches that had been conducted and even found out that managers need to get involved in setting targets after proper understanding the environmental performance targets (McGuirk, Bulkeley and Dowling 2016). Hypotheses Include draft hypotheses that you can continue to refine and which will be assessed in ACC620 H0: There is no significant difference on climate change after emission from Coca Cola Amatil H1: There is significant difference on climate change after emission from Coca Cola Amatil Proxy Measures for Theoretical Constructs Complete the following table Theoretical Construct Proxy measure Dependent (DV), Independent (IV), or Control Variable (CV) Source Impact on Polar Ice cap melting Reducing ice in Antarctic region Rising sea levels DV- Polar Cap Melting IV- Emissions from Coca-Cola Amatil Annual report of Coca Cola Amatil Increased temperature near Texas region Temperature measures DV- Temperature records IV- Emissions from Coca-Cola Amatil Annual report of Coca Cola Amatil Climate change Temperature measures DV- Temperature records IV- Emissions from Coca-Cola Amatil Annual report of Coca Cola Amatil Research Method: Describe the research method that you will employ to test your hypotheses. Describe the sample and any important issues in regard to research method. In this study, the researcher will be using both quantitative and qualitative components for this study. The secondary sources will be used by the researcher where the data will be collected through peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books and websites on annual reports of Coca-Cola Amatil (Kumarasiri 2015). Positive research philosophy will be used by the researcher as the study deals with collection of scientific data on carbon gas emissions after the emission from Coca-Cola Amatil. As far as research approach is concerned, the researcher will be using deductive approach because the collected data is gathered first and analysed later linking with the research topic. Both the techniques will be used by the researcher so that they can be able to arrive at statistically significant results. In this study, the researcher will be using descriptive research design as it is designed to show the participants in the most efficient way (Franco?Santos et al. 2017). There is relationship present between the proxies where it becomes difficult to find out challenging targets that has the potential to lead to greater target completion. However, there is moderate change present in the performance-based incentives in the most appropriate way. It is important for the managers to have better understanding about the possible or potential performance as compared to shareholders or investor at the same time. The sample size of the research study will be including all research articles that had been published after 2012. There are two types of data, the first is inclusive data and second is exclusive data. Exclusive data are those data where the journal articles are published before 2012 and it is outdated and has no relevance in the present study of research. It is for this reason the researcher does not take into account any outdated data for this study. Inclusive data are all the journal articles that are published after 2012 (Grimmer, and Woolley 2014). This information i s new and has much of relevance to the present research study. The journal articles collected for the study should be linking with the research topic. There are several issues that had been faced by the researcher while conducting this research study. Due to limited time, the researcher failed to conduct in-depth analysis of this given research topic. The researcher had limited financial resources that restricted in using expensive tools and techniques for completion of this research study (Kumarasiri and Jubb 2017). Reference List Bosse, D.A. and Phillips, R.A., 2016. Agency theory and bounded self-interest. Academy of Management Review, 41(2), pp.276-297. Franco?Santos, M., Nalick, M., Rivera?Torres, P. and Gomez?Mejia, L., 2017. Governance and Well?being in Academia: Negative Consequences of Applying an Agency Theory Logic in Higher Education. British Journal of Management, 28(4), pp.711-730. Grimmer, M. and Woolley, M., 2014. Green marketing messages and consumers' purchase intentions: Promoting personal versus environmental benefits. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(4), pp.231-250. Kumarasiri, J. and Jubb, C., 2017. FRAMING OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND USE OF management accounting pratices. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting Finance, 13(2). Kumarasiri, J., 2015. Use of management accounting practices in carbon emission management: Evidence from Australian companies. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, The, 21(1), p.5. McGuirk, P.M., Bulkeley, H. and Dowling, R., 2016. Configuring urban carbon governance: Insights from Sydney, Australia. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(1), pp.145-166. Nevo, S., Nevo, D. and Pinsonneault, A., 2016. A Temporally Situated Self-Agency Theory of Information Technology Reinvention. Mis Quarterly, 40(1), pp.157-186. Pepper, A. and Gore, J., 2015. Behavioral agency theory: New foundations for theorizing about executive compensation. Journal of management, 41(4), pp.1045-1068. Qian, W., Kaur, A. and Schaltegger, S., 2018. Managing Eco-efficiency Development for Sustainability: An Investigation of Top Carbon Polluters in Australia. In Accounting for Sustainability: Asia Pacific Perspectives (pp. 103-124). Springer, Cham. Shi, W., Connelly, B.L. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2017. External corporate governance and financial fraud: cognitive evaluation theory insights on agency theory prescriptions. Strategic Management Journal, 38(6), pp.1268-1286. Shogren, K.A., Wehmeyer, M.L., Palmer, S.B., Forber-Pratt, A.J., Little, T.J. and Lopez, S., 2015. Causal agency theory: Reconceptualizing a functional model of self-determination. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, pp.251-263. Song, J., Wang, R. and Cavusgil, S.T., 2015. State ownership and market orientation in China's public firms: An agency theory perspective. International Business Review, 24(4), pp.690-699.